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Now, you want to highlight what your team’s analysis discovered about the number of charging stations available compared to the number of cars purchased. Your data has confirmed that the lack of charging stations causes the effect of fewer car sales. To communicate this effectively, you will need to convey causation to the stakeholders.

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A data analyst uses the Color tool in Tableau to apply a color scheme to a data visualization. Why do they make sure the color scheme has contrast?

A data analyst is using the Pan tool in Tableau. What are they doing?

You are using the Label tool in Tableau. What will it enable you to do with the World Happiness map visualizations?

Fill in the blank: A data analyst uses the _____ tool to show only those countries with a World Happiness score of 5.0 or greater.

Fill in the blank: In Tableau, a _____ palette displays two value ranges. Color shows the range where a data point is from, and color intensity shows its magnitude.

Tableau is used to create interactive and dynamic visualizations. A visualization is interactive when the audience can control what data they see. What does it mean for a visualization to be dynamic?

A data analyst is using the Color tool in Tableau to apply a color scheme to a data visualization. They want the visualization to be accessible for people with color vision deficiencies, so they use a color scheme with lots of contrast. What does it mean to have contrast?

By default, all visualizations you create using Tableau Public are available to other users. What icon do you click to hide a visualization?

Fill in the blank: In Tableau, a diverging palette displays two value ranges. It uses a color to show the range where a data point is from and _____ to show its magnitude.

When working with the World Happiness data in Tableau, what could you use the Filter tool to do?

A data analyst is creating a visualization in Tableau Public. They want to keep it private from other users until it is complete. Which icon should they click?

Fill in the blank: In Tableau, a diverging palette displays two value ranges. It uses a color to show the range where a data point is from and color intensity to show its ______.

You are working with the World Happiness data in Tableau. What tool do you use to select the area on the map representing Central America?

You are working with the World Happiness data in Tableau. To display the population of each country on the map, which Marks shelf tool do you use?

You are using Tableau Public to create a data visualization. In order to keep your visualization hidden from other users, you click the Show/Hide icon.

Fill in the blank: When using Tableau, people can control what data they see in a visualization. This is an example of Tableau being _____.

What could a data analyst do with the Lasso tool in Tableau?

You are working with the World Happiness data in Tableau. Which tool will enable you to show certain data while hiding the rest?

You are working with the World Happiness data in Tableau. What tool do you use to get a better view of Greece?

Fill in the blank: A data analyst is working with the World Happiness data in Tableau. They use the _____ tool on the Marks shelf to display the population of each country on the map.

Fill in the blank: A data analyst is working with the World Happiness data in Tableau. To get a better view of Moldova, they use the _____ tool.

Tableau is used to create dynamic and interactive visualizations. Dynamic visualizations can change over time. What does it mean for a visualization to be interactive?

You are creating a dashboard in Tableau to share with stakeholders. Why might you decide to pre-filter the dashboard? Select all that apply.

A data analyst wants to communicate to others about their analysis. They ensure the communication has a beginning, a middle, and an end. Then, they confirm that it clearly explains important insights from their analysis. What aspect of data storytelling does this scenario describe?

You are preparing to communicate to an audience about an analysis project. You consider the roles that your audience members play and their stake in the project. What aspect of data storytelling does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: An important part of dashboard design is ensuring that charts, graphs, and other visual elements are cohesive. This means that they are _____ and make good use of available space.

What are the key differences between tiled and floating items in Tableau?

A data analyst creates a scatter plot in Tableau and notices an outlier. What should they do next?

A data analyst wants to save stakeholders time and effort when working with a Tableau dashboard. They also want to direct stakeholders to the most important data. What process can they use to achieve both goals?

Narrative is another word for story. Which of the following are aspects of a data-storytelling narrative? Select all that apply.

When designing a dashboard, how can data analysts ensure that charts and graphs are most effective? Select all that apply.

Which of the following questions do data analysts ask to make sure they will engage their audience? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are appropriate uses for filters in Tableau? Select all that apply.

A data analyst creates a dashboard in Tableau to share with stakeholders. They want to save stakeholders time and direct them to the most important data points. To achieve these goals, they can pre-filter the dashboard.

Fill in the blank: An important part of dashboard design is the placement of charts, graphs, and other visual elements. They should be _____, which means that they are balanced and make good use of available space.

You want to include a visual in your slideshow that will update automatically when its original source file updates. Which of the following actions will enable you to do so?

Fill in the blank: A data-storytelling narrative connects the data to the project _____.

A data analyst prepares to communicate to an audience about an analysis project. They consider what the audience members hope to do with the data insights. This describes establishing the setting.

A data analyst is creating a dashboard using Tableau. In order to layer objects over other items, which layout should they choose?

Fill in the blank: An effective slideshow guides your audience through your main communication points, but it does not repeat every word you say. A best practice is to keep text to fewer than five lines and _____ words per slide.

You are creating a slideshow for a client presentation. There is a pivot table in a spreadsheet that you want to include. In order for the pivot table to update whenever the spreadsheet source file changes, how should you incorporate it into your slideshow?

You are building a dashboard in Tableau. To create a single-layer grid that contains no overlapping elements, which layout should you choose?

Fill in the blank: A data analyst is creating the title slide in a presentation. The data they are sharing is likely to change over time, so they include the _____ on the title slide. This adds important context.

A data analyst wants to include a visual in their slideshow, then make some changes to it. Which of the following options will enable the analyst to edit the visual within the presentation without affecting its original file? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: When a data analyst notices a data point that is very different from the norm in a scatter plot, the best course of action is to _____ the outlier.

A data analyst gives a presentation about predicting upcoming investment opportunities. How does establishing a hypothesis help the audience understand their predictions?

You are presenting to your stakeholders and want to convey confidence. How should your body language reflect your composure? Select all that apply.

You are running a colleague test with your coworkers. One coworker points out that she doesn’t understand one of your graphs. What can you do to prepare for presenting to your stakeholders? Select all that apply.

A stakeholder objects to the steps of your analysis. What are some appropriate ways to respond to this objection? Select all that apply.

You are presenting to a large audience about social media trends. You ask your audience for input and a popular influencer shares their personal experience. What benefits might this have for your presentation? Select all that apply.

According to the McCandless Method, the earliest opportunity to provide context to your audience is when you answer obvious questions before they’re asked.

You are presenting to a large audience and want to keep everyone engaged during your Q&A. What can you do to ensure your audience doesn’t grow disinterested despite its size?

Fill in the blank: You are working as a data analyst at a gas company and want to learn more about top-performing staff members. You create a _____, which states that employee success hinges on a successful onboarding process when people are first hired. You hope to either prove or disprove this theory with your data.

You are preparing for your first presentation at a new job. Which strategies can help you combat nervousness about presentations? Select all that apply.

You decide to run a colleague test before a presentation to your stakeholders. What kinds of information might the exercise give you? Select all that apply.

You are presenting to your stakeholders an analysis of your company’s latest quarter earnings. Your stakeholders express concern that your projections for next quarter are lower than expected. What are appropriate ways to respond to these objections? Select all that apply.

What is the final step and “so what?” moment when presenting a data visualization with the McCandless Method?

You are introducing a data visualization during your presentation and are concerned that it may overwhelm your audience. How can you help your audience when you first introduce it?

You are preparing for a presentation and want to make sure your nerves don’t distract you from your presentation. Which practices can help you stay focused on an audience? Select all that apply.

Your stakeholders are concerned about the source of your data. They are unfamiliar with the organization that ran the analyses you referenced in your presentation. Which kind of objection are they making?

You are preparing to present in front of a large audience. Which of the following is a best practice for speaking to an audience?

When a stakeholder is concerned about the results of your analysis, they are making an objection about your findings. This is when someone objects to problems or inconsistencies in your final results.

An analyst introduces a graph to their audience to explain an analysis they performed. Which strategy would allow the audience to absorb the data visualizations? Select all that apply.

You are presenting your theory about the correlation between recent sales increases and a current pop culture trend. When is the best time to establish your presentation’s hypothesis for the audience?

Your stakeholders are concerned about who was involved in providing you with feedback about your methods. Which type of objection are they making to your presentation?

You use spotlighting to help you identify the most important insights. Which of the following activities are involved with spotlighting? Select all that apply.

After reviewing your draft, you realize that it could be improved. What steps do you take to make your map more effective? Select all that apply.

How do you explain causation?

Describe the differences between vertical and horizontal layouts. Select all that apply.

After reviewing it, you decide to decrease the number of words on your slide. For what reasons will this make your slide more effective? Select all that apply.

One of the strategies you practice is the five-second rule. What are some key aspects of this rule? Select all that apply

Next, you prepare for the question-and-answer session that will follow your presentation. What methods help you predict what questions your audience may ask? Select all that apply.

Your team member asks you how you will respond if someone from Gaea questions your data-cleaning process. How do you prepare for this objection? Select all that apply.

You listen to the whole question, then repeat it. For what reasons is this important? Select all that apply.

This information will be part of the plot. The plot, or conflict, is used to create tension in the data story. For Gaea’s situation, it would include two ideas: An explanation of some of the challenges associated with lack of vehicle charging stations and details about why it’s important for Gaea to increase its cars’ battery range by 2025.

What are the benefits of using dashboards to tell stories about your data? Select all that apply.

You explain that causation is the measure of the degree to which two variables move in relationship to each other. In the case of Gaea’s business, charging station numbers and car sales move in the same direction.

To improve the slide, you remove the text box at the bottom. For what reasons will this make your slide more effective? Select all that apply.

After reviewing your slide, you realize that the visual elements could be improved. Which of the following options would help you make the visual elements on this slide more effective? Select all that apply.

What strategies can help you explain the data visualizations effectively? Select all that apply.

Now that you have some idea of the questions the stakeholders may ask, you consider potential objections. How do you ensure you are prepared for any potential objections? Select all that apply.

Based on these insights, you create your primary message. What are the expectations of a primary message? Select all that apply.

After reviewing your draft, you realize that it could be improved. To improve your draft, you select more varied hues, choose darker values, and make the color intensity stronger. This will also help clarify the spacing between the states.

You decide that you want to be able to adjust the height of the views and the data visualizations about electric vehicle sales, charging stations, and battery range. Which type of layout will enable you to do that?

After reviewing your slide, you realize that it could be improved. What steps do you take to make the two text boxes beneath the header more effective? Select all that apply.

One of the strategies you practice is the five-second rule. What are some key aspects of this rule? Select all that apply.

Next, you prepare for the question-and-answer session that will follow your presentation. What methods help you consider any limitations of your data? Select all that apply.

You say that you will respond professionally using the information you currently have available in order to move quickly past the objection.

As a final step in the data-sharing process, you think about how to respond during the Q&A session. What strategies will you employ when answering questions? Select all that apply.

As you begin to work on the plot for the data narrative, which of the following ideas would you include? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: After reviewing your pie chart, you realize that it could be improved. You resize the _____ so they visually show the different values.

What strategies can help you speak effectively? Select all that apply.

What strategies do you use in order to respond effectively? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Based on these insights, you create a clear and direct _____, which will guide your data story.

In addition, you make sure to use _____ font sizes and colors for all of your data visualization titles.

Another key benefit of dashboards is that they enable you to maintain control of your data narrative.

Next, you prepare for the question-and-answer session that will follow your presentation. To predict what questions they may ask, you do a colleague test of your presentation. You should choose a colleague who has deep expertise in the electric vehicle industry.

A big part of audience engagement is knowing how to eliminate less important details. What practice do you use to scan quickly through the data in order to identify the most important insights?

After reviewing your pie chart, you realize that it could be improved. How do you make this chart more effective?

After reviewing your slide, you realize that the visual elements could be improved. A good solution would be for you to choose one data visualization to share on this slide, then create another slide for the second data visualization.

Fill in the blank: A big part of engagement is knowing how to eliminate less important details. So, you use spotlighting to _____ the data in order to identify the most important insights.

You add information on the x-axis to represent a scale of values for the total electric vehicle sales and on the y-axis to represent the time periods (2015 and 2020).

Fill in the blank: You explain that causation is when an action _____ an outcome. In the case of Gaea’s business, causation can be used to discuss the relationship between lack of charging stations and fewer car sales.

In which part of your data narrative would you include information about charging stations and the need to increase battery range?

Next, you prepare for the question-and-answer session that will follow your presentation. What methods help you consider any limitations of your data? Select all that apply.

Information about charging stations and the need to increase battery range will be part of the setting of your data story.

What tool do you create for your stakeholders?

You want to add a label to represent the scale (total count by year) of electric vehicle sales. Where on the graph do you label these values?

You decide that you want to be able to adjust the width of the views and the data visualizations about electric vehicle sales, charging stations, and battery range. Which type of layout will enable you to do that?

Based on these insights, you create your primary message. Which of the following reflect the expectations of a primary message?

Fill in the blank: To improve your draft, you select more varied hues and make the color intensity stronger. In addition, you choose darker _____ in order to reflect more light.

After reviewing your pie chart, you realize that it could be improved by resizing the segments. Resizing the segments in proportion to each segment’s relative value enables you to visually show the different values.

An analyst runs code to convert string data into a date/time data type that results in the following: “2020-07-10”. Which of the following are examples of code that would lead to this return? Select all that apply.

A data analyst is deciding on naming conventions for an analysis that they are beginning in R. Which of the following rules are widely accepted stylistic conventions that the analyst should use when naming variables? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are included in R packages? Select all that apply.

Packages installed in RStudio are called from CRAN. CRAN is an online archive with R packages and other R-related resources.

Fill in the blank: When creating a variable for use in R, your variable name should begin with _____.

If you use the mdy() function in R to convert the string “April 10, 2019”, what will return when you run your code?

In R, what includes reusable functions and documentation about how to use the functions?

Examples of variable names that can be used in R are autos_5 and utility2. Variable names should start with a letter and can also contain numbers and underscores.

You want to create a vector with the values 43, 56, 12 in that exact order. After specifying the variable, what R code chunk allows you to create this vector?

Which of the following variables have names that follow widely accepted naming convention rules? Select all that apply.

When an analyst installs a package that is not in Base R, where does R call the package from?

A data analyst previously created a series of nested functions that carry out multiple operations on some data in R. The analyst wants to complete the same operations but make the code easier to understand for their stakeholders. Which of the following can the analyst use to accomplish this?

A data analyst is assigning a variable to a value in their company’s sales dataset for 2020. Which variable name uses the correct syntax?

You want to create a vector with the values 21, 12, 39, in that exact order. After specifying the variable, what R code chunk allows you to create the vector?

In the code sales_1 <- (3500.00 * 12), the analyst uses an assignment (<-) and an arithmetic (*) operator. The assignment operator assigns the calculated value in parentheses to the variable sales_1 and the arithmetic operator multiplies the values in parentheses to complete the calculation.

When programming in R, what is a pipe used as an alternative for?

A data analyst wants to assign the value 50 to the variable daily_dosage. Which of the following types of operators will they need to write that code?

R packages include sample datasets. They also include reusable R functions and documentation about how to use the functions.

A data analyst is reviewing some code and finds the following code chunk: mtcars %>% filter(carb > 1) %>% group_by(cyl) %>% What is this code chunk an example of?

What is the relationship between RStudio and CRAN?

You want to create a vector with the values 12, 23, 51, in that exact order. After specifying the variable, what R code chunk allows you to create the vector?

An analyst comes across dates listed as strings in a dataset, for example December 10th, 2020. To convert the strings to a date/time data type, which function should the analyst use?

A data analyst is working with a dataset in R that has more than 50,000 observations. Why might they choose to use a tibble instead of the standard data frame? Select all that apply.

You are working with the ToothGrowth dataset. You want to use the glimpse() function to get a quick summary of the dataset. Write the code chunk that will give you this summary. How many variables does the ToothGrowth dataset contain?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named sales. They write the following code:

sales %>%

The data frame contains a column named q1_sales. What code chunk does the analyst add to change the name of the column from q1_sales to quarter1_sales ?

A data analyst is working with the penguins data. They write the following code: penguins %>% The variable species includes three penguin species: Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo. What code chunk does the analyst add to create a data frame that only includes the Gentoo species?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named salary_data. They want to create a new column named wages that includes data from the rate column multiplied by 40. What code chunk lets the analyst create the wages column?

A data analyst is exploring their data to get more familiar with it. They want a preview of just the first six rows to get a better idea of how the data frame is laid out. What function should they use?

You are working with the ToothGrowth dataset. You want to use the head() function to get a preview of the dataset. Write the code chunk that will give you this preview.

head(ToothGrowth)

What are the names of the columns in the ToothGrowth dataset?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named customers. It has separate columns for area code (area_code) and phone number (phone_num). The analyst wants to combine the two columns into a single column called phone_number, with the area code and phone number separated by a hyphen. What code chunk lets the analyst create the phone_number column?

A data analyst wants to find out how much the predicted outcome and the actual outcome of their data model differ. What function can they use to quickly measure this?

A data analyst is considering using tibbles instead of basic data frames. What are some of the limitations of tibbles? Select all that apply.

A data analyst is working with a data frame called salary_data. They want to create a new column named hourly_salary that includes data from the wages column divided by 40. What code chunk lets the analyst create the hourly_salary column?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named stores. It has separate columns for city (city) and state (state). The analyst wants to combine the two columns into a single column named location, with the city and state separated by a comma. What code chunk lets the analyst create the location column?

A data analyst uses the bias() function to compare the actual outcome with the predicted outcome to determine if the model is biased. They get a score of 0.8. What does this mean?

You are working with the ToothGrowth dataset. You want to use the skim_without_charts() function to get a comprehensive view of the dataset. Write the code chunk that will give you this view. How many rows does the ToothGrowth dataset contain?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named cars. The analyst notices that all the column names in the data frame are capitalized. What code chunk lets the analyst change all the column names to lowercase? 

You are working with the penguins dataset. You want to use the summarize() and max() functions to find the maximum value for the variable flipper_length_mm. You write the following code:

penguins %>%

drop_na() %>%

group_by(species) %>%

Add the code chunk that lets you find the maximum value for the variable flipper_length_mm.

summarize(max(flipper_length_mm))

What is the maximum flipper length in mm for the Gentoo species?

A data analyst is studying weather data. They write the following code chunk: bias(actual_temp, predicted_temp) What will this code chunk calculate?

A data analyst creates a data frame with data that has more than 50,000 observations in it. When they print their data frame, it slows down their console. To avoid this, they decide to switch to a tibble. Why would a tibble be more useful in this situation?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named salary_data. They want to create a new column named wages that includes data from the rate column multiplied by 40. What code chunk lets the analyst create the wages column?

A data analyst writes the following code chunk to return a statistical summary of their dataset: quartet %>% group_by(set) %>% summarize(mean(x), sd(x), mean(y), sd(y), cor(x, y)) Which function will return the average value of the y column?

A data analyst is working with a data frame named retail. It has separate columns for dollars (price_dollars) and cents (price_cents). The analyst wants to combine the two columns into a single column named price, with the dollars and cents separated by a decimal point. For example, if the value in the price_dollars column is 10, and the value in the price_cents column is 50, the value in the price column will be 10.50. What code chunk lets the analyst create the price column?

A data analyst is using statistical measures to get a better understanding of their data. What function can they use to determine how strongly related are two of the variables?

A data analyst is working with the penguins dataset in R. What code chunk will allow them to sort the penguins data by the variable bill_length_mm?

A data analyst is working with the penguins dataset. What code chunk does the analyst write to make sure all the column names are unique and consistent and contain only letters, numbers, and underscores?

You are working with the penguins dataset. You want to use the summarize() and min() functions to find the minimum value for the variable bill_depth_mm. You write the following code:

penguins %>%

drop_na() %>%

group_by(species) %>%

Add the code chunk that lets you find the minimum value for the variable bill_depth_mm.

summarize(min(bill_depth_mm))

What is the minimum bill depth in mm for the Chinstrap species?

A data analyst wants a quick summary of the structure of their data frame, including the column names and the number of rows and variables. What function should they use?

You are working with the penguins dataset. You want to use the summarize() and mean() functions to find the mean value for the variable body_mass_g. You write the following code:

penguins %>%

drop_na() %>%

group_by(species) %>%

Add the code chunk that lets you find the mean value for the variable body_mass_g.

summarize(mean(body_mass_g))

What is the mean body mass in g for the Adelie species?

In R, which statistical measure demonstrates how strong the relationship is between two variables?

A data analyst is working with a large data frame. It contains so many columns that they don’t all fit on the screen at once. The analyst wants a quick list of all of the column names to get a better idea of what is in their data. What function should they use?

A data analyst is working with the penguins data. The variable species includes three penguin species: Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo. The analyst wants to create a data frame that only includes the Adelie species. The analyst receives an error message when they run the following code:

penguins %>%

filter(species <- “Adelie”)

How can the analyst change the second line of code to correct the error?

Which of the following are benefits of using ggplot2? Select all that apply.

A data analyst creates a plot using the following code chunk:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g))

Which of the following represents a function in the code chunk? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: In ggplot2, the term mapping refers to the connection between variables and _____ .

A data analyst is working with the penguins data. The analyst creates a scatterplot with the following code:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, alpha = species))

What does the alpha aesthetic do to the appearance of the points on the plot?

You are working with the penguins dataset. You create a scatterplot with the following code:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g))

You want to highlight the different years of data collection on your plot. Add a code chunk to the second line of code to map the aesthetic size to the variable year. NOTE: the three dots (…) indicate where to add the code chunk.

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, size = year))

What years does your visualization display?

You are working with the penguins dataset. You create a scatterplot with the following lines of code:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +

What code chunk do you add to the third line to save your plot as a pdf file with “penguins” as the file name?

Which of the following tasks can you complete with ggplot2 features? Select all that apply.

In ggplot2, which of the following aesthetic attributes can you use to map variables to points? Select all that apply.

The _____ aesthetic makes some points on a plot more transparent, or see-through, than others.

You are working with the penguins dataset. You create a scatterplot with the following code:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g))

You want to highlight the different penguin species on your plot. Add a code chunk to the second line of code to map the aesthetic shape to the variable species.

NOTE: the three dots (…) indicate where to add the code chunk.

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g, shape = species))

Which penguin species does your visualization display?

A data analyst creates a plot with the following code chunk:


ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_jitter(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g))

What does the geom_jitter() function do to the points in the plot?

A data analyst uses the annotate() function to create a text label for a plot. Which attributes of the text can the analyst change by adding code to the argument of the annotate() function? Select all that apply.

You are working with the penguins dataset. You create a scatterplot with the following lines of code:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g)) +

What code chunk do you add to the third line to save your plot as a png file with “penguins” as the file name?

Which of the following are operations you can perform in ggplot2? Select all that apply.

A data analyst creates a bar chart with the diamonds dataset. They begin with the following line of code:

ggplot(data = diamonds)

What symbol should the analyst put at the end of the line of code to add a layer to the plot?

A data analyst creates a plot using the following code chunk:

ggplot(data = penguins) +

geom_point(mapping = aes(x = flipper_length_mm, y = body_mass_g))

Which of the following represents a variable in the code chunk? Select all that apply.

A data analyst creates a scatterplot with a lot of data points. The analyst wants to make some points on the plot more transparent than others. What aesthetic should the analyst use?

Fill in the blank: The _____ creates a scatterplot and then adds a small amount of random noise to each point in the plot to make the points easier to find.

You are working with the diamonds dataset. You create a bar chart with the following code:

ggplot(data = diamonds) +

geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = color, fill = cut)) +

You want to use the facet_wrap() function to display subsets of your data. Add the code chunk that lets you facet your plot based on the variable cut.

facet_wrap(~cut)

How many subplots does your visualization show?

Fill in the blank: In ggplot2, you use the _____ to add layers to your plot.

In ggplot2, what symbol do you use to add layers to your plot?

What function creates a scatterplot and then adds a small amount of random noise to each point in the plot to make the points easier to find?

You are working with the diamonds dataset. You create a bar chart with the following code:

ggplot(data = diamonds) +

geom_bar(mapping = aes(x = color, fill = cut)) +

You want to use the facet_wrap() function to display subsets of your data. Add the code chunk that lets you facet your plot based on the variable color.

facet_wrap(~color)

How many subplots does your visualization show?

Fill in the blank: You can use the _____ function to put a text label on your plot to call out specific data points.

A data analyst uses the aes() function to define the connection between their data and the plots in their visualization. What argument is used to refer to matching up a specific variable in your data set with a specific aesthetic?

A data analyst wants to change their header to be one font size smaller. What should they add to their markdown syntax?

Fill in the blank: A data analyst includes _____ in their R Markdown notebook so that they can refer to it directly in their explanation of their analysis.

A data analyst finishes editing an R Markdown notebook and wants to convert it to a new format they can share. What are their options? Select all that apply.

A data analyst includes a code chunk in their .rmd file. What does this allow other users to do? Select all that apply.

Why would a data analyst create a template of their .rmd file? Select all that apply.

A data analyst wants to export their R Markdown notebook as a text document. What are the text document formats they can use to share their R Markdown notebook? Select all that apply.

A data analyst writes two hashtags next to their header. What will this do to the header font in the .rmd file?

A data analyst wants to include a line of code directly in their .rmd file in order to explain their process more clearly. What is this code called?

Fill in the blank: Code added to an .rmd file is usually referred to as a code _____. This allows users to execute R code from within the .rmd file.

A data analyst is inserting a line of code directly into their .rmd file. What will they use to mark the beginning and end of the code?

A data analyst who works with R creates a weekly sales report by remaking their .rmd file and converting it to a report. What can they do to streamline this process?

Fill in the blank: A delimiter is a character that indicates the beginning or end of _____.

A data analyst adds a section of executable code to their .rmd file so users can execute it and generate the correct output. What is this section of code called?

A data analyst wants to create documentation for their cleaning process so other analysts on their team can recreate this process. What tool can help them create this shareable report?

Fill in the blank: R Markdown notebooks can be converted into HTML, PDF, and Word documents, slide presentations, and _____.

A data analyst notices that their header is much smaller than they wanted it to be. What happened?

A data analyst inputs asterisks before a word or phrase in R Markdown. How will this appear in the document?

If an analyst creates the same kind of document over and over or customizes the appearance of a final report, they can use _____ to save them time.

A data analyst wants to create a shareable report of their analysis with documentation of their process and notes explaining their code to stakeholders. What tool can they use to generate this?

What symbol can be used to add bullet points in R Markdown?

R Markdown is a file format for making dynamic documents with R. What are the benefits of creating this kind of document? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: _____ code is code that can be inserted directly into a .rmd file.

A data analyst wants to add a bulleted list to their R Markdown document. What symbol can they type to create this formatting?

What code chunk do you add to the third line to add the title Recommended Bars to your plot?

Fill in the blank: You want to record and share every step of your analysis, let teammates run your code, and display your visualizations. You decide to create _____ to document your work

Your supervisor asks you to write a short summary of the benefits of using R for the project. Which of the following benefits would you include in your summary? Select all that apply.

What code chunk do you add to change the column name?

What company appears in row 1 of your tibble?

What code chunk do you add to the third line to save your plot as a pdf file with “chocolate” as the file name?

You decide to create an R Markdown notebook to document your work. What are your reasons for choosing an R Markdown notebook? Select all that apply.

You use the read_csv() function to import the data from the .csv file. Assume that the name of the data frame is chocolate_df and the .csv file is in the working directory. What code chunk lets you create the data frame?

What code chunk do you add to change the column name?

You want to apply the filter() function to the variables Cocoa.Percent and Rating. Add the code chunk that lets you filter the data frame for chocolate bars that contain at least 75% cocoa and have a rating of at least 3.9 points.

What code chunk do you add to the third line to save your plot as a jpeg file with chocolate as the file name?

You want to use the summarize() and mean() functions to find the mean rating for your data. Add the code chunk that lets you find the mean value for the variable Rating. What is the mean rating?

What code chunk do you add to the third line to add the title Suggested Chocolate to your plot?

Add the code chunk that lets you select the three variables. What company location appears in row 1 of your tibble?

What code chunk do you add to the third line to save your plot as a png file with chocolate as the file name?

Fill in the blank: You want to record and share every step of your analysis, let teammates run your code, and display your visualizations. You decide to create _____ to document your work.

What code chunk do you add to the third line to create wrap around facets of the variable Rating?

You create a short document about the benefits of using R for the project and share the document with your team. You write that the benefits include R’s ability to quickly process lots of data and easily reproduce and share an analysis. What is another benefit of using R for the project?

You want to use the summarize() and sd() functions to find the standard deviation of the rating for your data. Add the code chunk that lets you find the standard deviation for the variable Rating.

You want to record and share every step of your analysis, let teammates run your code, and display your visualizations. What do you use to document your work?

You use the read_csv() function to import the data from the .csv file. Assume that the name of the data frame is flavors_df and the .csv file is in the working directory. What code chunk lets you create the data frame?

Assume the name of your data frame is flavors_df. What code chunk lets you review the column names in the data frame?

You want to use the geom_bar() function to create a bar chart. Add the code chunk that lets you create a bar chart with the variable Rating on the x-axis. How many bars does your bar chart display?

According to your bar chart, which two company locations produce the highest rated chocolate bars?

You want to use the geom_bar() function to create a bar chart. Add the code chunk that lets you create a bar chart with the variable Company.Location on the x-axis. How many bars does your bar chart display?

What code chunk do you add to the third line to create wrap around facets of the variable Cocoa.Percent?

You want to use the summarize() and max() functions to find the maximum rating for your data. Add the code chunk that lets you find the maximum value for the variable Rating. What is the maximum rating?

Introduction to Cryptocurrency – Practice MCQ Test

Rules and Structure of Bitcoin – Practice MCQ Test

Cryptocurrency as an Asset Class – Practice MCQ Test

The Blockchain Ecosystem – Practice MCQ Test

True or false: It’s better to have a higher ROAS than a lower one.

When optimizing a marketing campaign, it’s a good idea to…

Comscore data is…

If customers show an interest in a product but are failing to take action in the sales funnel, it’s likely…

When segmenting data collected about people, it’s best…

Most advertising platforms provide…

Jordan is testing a new version of some of their advertising material – more images versus more text. Of the five main use cases for marketing analytics, this is…

True or false: The first step in the sales funnel process is interest.

True or false: Segmentation is a useful type of analysis to define a target audience.

True or false: It’s possible to make educated forecasts of potential success on specific platforms based on historical data.

True or false: If an ad isn’t performing as well as expected, it’s a good idea to let it run as long as initially planned to gather that data.

Jordan is calculating the return on ad spend for an existing marketing campaign. Of the five main use cases for marketing analytics, this is…

Jordan is putting together a survey to learn more about their customers. Of the five main use cases for marketing analytics, this is…

Jordan is testing a new version of some of their advertising material – more images versus more text. Of the five main use cases for marketing analytics, this is…

Jordan is evaluating how many purchases resulted from previous campaigns on different social media platforms to determine what to expect from the money they plan to spend on a new campaign on these platforms. Of the five main use cases for marketing analytics, this is…

True or false: If Taylor adds a Javascript pixel to their website, it will load on that page every time someone visits it.

Taylor is thinking of using an API to add more features to their website, some good uses for APIs include: (Choose all that apply)

True or false: If Taylor is using a browser cookie on their site, they can expect that cookie to follow users regardless of the device or browser they are using.

Taylor is thinking of including a pixel or tag on their website, some of the most common available options are: (Choose all that apply)

Taylor is thinking of using a software developer kit in their app, some possibly added functionalities are: (Choose all that apply)

True or false: An application programming interface allows a user to block ads and trackers.

Taylor runs a website that includes a forum. Taylor is interested in seeing what time of day most people are visiting the forum. To do this, they can…

True or false: A SDK can allow for monitoring of behavior and actions in a mobile app that wouldn’t normally be visible.

True or false: If Taylor is looking for the first and last names of people who visit their site they can check the server logs.

Taylor is thinking of including a browser cookie on their website, but they know it will have certain limitations, such as: (Choose all that apply)

Taylor would like to incorporate another company’s cart and checkout flow into the mobile app they are working on. To do this, they can…

Taylor is trying to find a way for people to post content from their website onto social media without leaving their site. To do this, they can…

The server logs for Taylor’s website will include what pieces of information? (Choose all that apply)

Taylor wants to gain additional information about the people using their website in an unobtrusive way and incorporate Google Analytics. To do this, they can…

Taylor wants to make it simpler for people to complete a process on their website when they return a second time. To do this, they can…

Visualizations are a critical tool of the marketing analyst because…

True or false: Google Analytics is free for anyone to use.

True or false: There is only a single web analytics tool available- Google Analytics.

Some common ways to indicate the end of a conversion include: (Choose all that apply)

The events section of Google Analytics includes information about: (Choose all that apply)

Because Facebook Ads Manager looks at the success of specific ad campaigns, it can be particularly helpful when determining…

A spreadsheet can be used to: (Choose all that apply)

Some common data visualization chart types include: (Choose all that apply)

Google Analytics collects data from: (Choose all that apply)

True or false: When sorting your data, your column labels are referred to as the header row.

Web analytics tools can help an analyst learn: (Choose all that apply)

If you want to find data on retention rates in Google Analytics, you can look at…

Some important tracked metrics in Facebook Ads Manager are: (Choose all that apply)

That’s right! A spreadsheet cell can include a variety of things in addition to numbers and letters. In particular, formulas and calculations will be useful to a marketing analyst.

True or false: CPM measures the price a business pays to have their ad put in front of users a thousand times.

True or false: Facebook Ads Manager can help you determine what is working with an active advertising campaign.

A spreadsheet is valuable to a marketing analyst specifically because it allows you to…

When labeling your data, it’s important to…

CPC stands for what in marketing analytics?

True or false: Google analytics includes templates that help you analyze data, but allows for little customization.

True or false: Spreadsheet calculations are limited to simple arithmetic.

If a marketing analyst needs to evaluate the success of an ad campaign in generating sales, a good starting point for gathering insight is…

Which of the following are valid methods for determining ground truth?  Choose all that apply.

Let’s say you have a relatively small training set (~5 thousand images). Which training strategy makes the most sense?   

Now let’s say you have a very large dataset (~1 million images). Which training strategies will make the most sense?

Which of the following is not one of the key challenges for AI diagnostic algorithms that is discussed in the lecture? 

What is the total loss from the normal (non-mass) examples in this example dataset?

In what order should the training, validation, and test sets be sampled?

You find that your training set has 70% negative examples and 30% positive. Which of the following techniques will NOT help for training this imbalanced dataset?

What is the typical size of medical image dataset?

Which of the following data augmentations would be best to apply?

Why is it bad to have the same patients in both training and test sets?

If sensitivity = 0.9, specificity = 0.8, and prevalence = 0.2, then what is the accuracy?

You have a model such that the lowest score for a positive example is higher than the maximum score for a negative example. What is its ROC AUC?

You want to measure the proportion of people with high blood pressure in a population. You sample 1000 people and find that 55% have high blood pressure with a 90% confidence interval of (50%, 60%). What is the correct interpretation of this result?

When we’re using a normal approximation, the width of our confidence interval depends on the variance of the normal distribution. Recall that the variance of each sample is identical, but the variance of the average is divided by n. Therefore since dividing by a larger number makes a quantity smaller, the variance of the average of 10000 samples should be less than that for 1000 samples, so the second confidence interval should be tighter.

What is the sensitivity and specificity of a pneumonia model that always outputs positive? In other words, the models says that every patient has the disease.

What is the sensitivity and specificity of a model which randomly assigns a score between 0 and 1 to each example (with equal probability) if we use a threshold of 0.7?

For every specificity, as we vary the threshold, the sensitivity of model 1 is at least as high as model 2. Which of the following must be true?

In some studies, you may have to compute the Positive predictive value (PPV) from the sensitivity, specificity and prevalence.

What is the PPV and sensitivity associated with the following confusion matrix?

What is the soft dice loss for the example below?

Look at the output of model 1 and model 2: Which one will have a lower soft dice loss?

An X-ray classification model is developed on data from US hospitals and is later tested on an external dataset from Latin America. Which if the following do you expect?

Which of the following is a segmentation task?

The U-net consists of…

What is the minimum value of the soft dice loss?

Which of the following is an example of a prospective study?

What is the MAIN disadvantage of processing each MRI slice independently using a 2D segmentation model (as mentioned in the lecture)?

Which of the following data augmentation is most effective for MRI sequences?

Recall the MELD score from the lesson. What is the output for a person with Creatinine = 0.8 mg/dL, Bilirubin total = 1.5 mg/dL, INR = 1.3

If a feature x has range 0 to ∞, then what is the range of ln(x)?

True or False: If a > b, then ln(a) > ln(b).

Which assignment of risk would make the following pair concordant?

Model 1 has a c-index of 0.7 and Model 2 has a c-index of 0.6. Which is more accurate using a threshold of 0.5 for the risk score?

A linear risk model for the risk of heart attack has three inputs: Age, Systolic Blood Pressure (BP), and the interaction term between Age and Systolic Blood Pressure. The coefficients for Age, BP, and the interaction term are 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5. Can you determine how an increase in blood pressure is affected by an increase in age?

What is the C-index for a model which always outputs 0.6 for any patient regardless of their health outcome?

What will this patient’s risk score be one year later, if all other features remain the same?

Which of the following is not an example of a clinical application of a prognostic model?

What is the C-index for the following set of predictions?

True or False: A tree of depth 1 is more expressive than a classical linear model.

Using regression imputation, and the decision tree shown here, what is your prediction for this person’s risk of heart attack?

Assume you have missing data on one of your features, and are considering two options: True or False: “Both options have the same performance”.

One way to aggregate predictions from multiple trees is by a majority vote. Using this aggregation rule, select the prediction of the following trees on the data point (x=4, y=7, z=2):

You’ve fit a random forest of 10 trees with max depth 20. Your training ROC is 0.99 and test ROC is 0.54. Which of the following is NOT a reasonable thing to try?

True or False: When your data is missing at random, then whether or not you are missing a covariate is completely independent of your outcome.

Let’s say blood pressure (BP) measurements are more likely to be missing among young people, who generally have lower blood pressure. You use mean imputation to train your model. Which option correctly characterizes the mean BP (after imputation) in your training dataset?

Which decision boundary corresponds to the following decision tree? In the options, red indicates high risk, blue indicates low risk.

When is complete case analysis least likely to bias your model?

You have created a model using mean imputation. At test time, you should fill in missing values with:

Which of the following is a difference between survival data and classification datasets?

Which of the following is an example of censoring?

True or False: If t is larger than the longest survival time recorded in the dataset, then S(t) = 0S(t)=0 according to the Kaplan-Meier estimate.

The survival function is always:

Estimate P(T > 2 | T >= 2)P(T>2∣T>=2) from the following dataset:

Let f(x) be the probability that a person with feature x dies within 5 years. Let Sx​(t) be the survival function of a person with feature x. Assume t is measured in years. Which of the following is true?

Compute the probability of surviving up to 4 years S(4)S(4) given the following dataset using the Kaplan Meier estimate:

Compute S(5) given the following dataset using the Kaplan Meier estimate (note, it’s the same dataset as in the previous question).

Using the Nelson-Aalen estimator estimate H(7), the value of the cumulative hazard at t=7 for this dataset.

Which risk assignments would make this pair concordant?

Compute the Harrell C-index for the following dataset and risk scores:

Person 1 has hazard h_1(t) = 1, and Person 2 has hazard h_2(t) = 2. What is the probability of dying within the first year for each patient?

Now assume that the hazards for patient 1, h_1and for patient 2, h_2​ are proportional to each other. Also assume that S_1(T) > S_2(T) for some T > 0. Then which of the following is true about the hazards?

What is the hazard ratio between Person 1, a 40 year old non-smoker, and Person 2, a 30 year old smoker?

Which of the following interpretations is most correct?

Which of the following is true about the hazard of patient 1 and 2 at time T?

Assume h_1(t) = t, and h_2(t) = 1.0. At which time T > 0 does S_1(T) = S_2(T)?

Given the following statistical information of patients for a treatment arm and a control group, which one corresponds to a correct setup of a randomized control trial?

Using the S-Learner, or Single Tree, method, what is the conditional average treatment effect for a 61 year-old patient with a blood pressure (BP) of 140?

Which considerations are relevant to the S-Learner Method? Choose all that are correct.

Which considerations are relevant to the T-Learner Method? Choose all that are correct.

You are part of a medical team trying to create an alternative treatment for patients with lung cancer. Your group performs several experiments and reports results with the following p-values. Which has the most statistically significant result?

Given an average risk reduction (ARR) of 0.2, on average, how many people need to receive the treatment in order to benefit one of them (NNT)?

You are studying the effect of a new treatment for heart attack, your job consists in looking at outcomes of the effect in patients, fill the unit level treatment effect column using the Neyman-Rubin causal model, and then calculate the average treatment effect.

Calculate the conditional average treatment effect applying the Two-Tree Learner method, the patient has an Age=61 and BP= 130.

Which of the following is not true about BERT’s inner word representations? 

Which of the following is a difference between BERT and LSTM models? 

Now let’s say F1 score is at least 0.75. Now which of the following values of precision are possible? 

True or False: the start and end vectors are fixed throughout training 

Use the following entry in SNOMED CT to help determine the positive labels for this x-ray report.

You find that a radiology report mentions “edema”. Which of the following can you immediately conclude? 

Let’s see why F1 is used instead of the regular mean of precision and recall. Let’s say the mean of precision and recall is at least 0.75. Which of the following could be the true value of the precision?

Compute the F1 score for pneumonia and mass separately based on the following retrieved labels and ground truth:

Now compute the F1 score for all labels jointly: 

Given the following word vectors and start and end vectors, determine the start and end of the sequence of interest.

We have the following table the output of a model f on an example using subsets of the variable. What is the Shapley value for s_BP?

Could the following table of outputs be given by a linear model with no interactions (assume not including a feature means setting it to 0)?

Now assume we add Age as a variable. What is the new Shapley value for s_BP?

You train the random forest pictured below and it gets a c-index of 0.90. After shuffling the values for x, your dataset is the following. What is the variable importance for x?

We have the following table the output of a model f on an example using subsets of the variable. What is the sum of the Shapley value for s_BP and d_BP? 

Say you have trained a decision tree which never splits on a variable X. What will be the variable importance for X using the permutation method?

What does the term ‘Economies of Scope’ mean in terms of its reference to the concept of democracy?

Which four digital benefits are discussed in this course?

Is the following statement true or false? Efficiency is a condition in which a digital product or service is preferred to its analog alternatives due to its ability to create complex and inefficient solutions by leveraging digital tools.

Which of the following digital benefits are typically leveraged to achieve democracy?

What does the term ‘Higher Trust’ mean in terms of its reference to the concept of democracy?

What does the term ‘Customers are more than customers’ mean in terms of its reference to the concept of democracy?

According to the McKinsey article, “What’s next for digital consumers”, companies can innovate their digital services in which of the following ways?

Is the following statement true or false? Digital dominance is achieved when digital benefits exceed analog benefits.

Which of the following are ways to leverage protection?

For analog products and services that resist the digital, the digital benefits exceed the analog benefits.

Synergy between the analog and the digital world is created by combining digital and analog benefits in such a way that their combined benefits exceed the benefits of either the analog or the digital by themselves.

According to the Deloitte article, “Augmented Shopping: The quiet revolution”, what products are best suited for augmented shopping capabilities?

According to the Deloitte article, “Augmented Shopping: The quiet revolution”, what are the common augmented shopping use cases?

With digital marketing, you can provide customers personalized communication directly through channels such as email and social media. Which advantage of digital marketing does this represent?

Digital marketing helps businesses do what? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: A _____ contains your samples of past work and demonstrates relevant work experience.

Which of the following are typically job responsibilities for an e-commerce analyst? Select all that apply.

What term refers to the buying and selling of goods and services online?

Which of the following statements regarding working in a marketing career is generally true?

Which of the following best describes the quality of being curious as a digital marketer or e-commerce analyst?

Fill in the blank: _____ role is when you partner with companies to fill their digital marketing and advertising needs.

Which of the following are typically associate-level roles in digital marketing? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: _____ is the practice of reaching customers online through digital channels with the aim of turning them into customers.

Which of the following best describes a portfolio?

Which of the following are benefits of working in a marketing agency role? Select all that apply.

What is the term for any communication method or platform a business can use to reach their target audience online?

Which of the following are benefits of working as an in-house marketing employee? Select all that apply.

Coordinating marketing activities, preparing reports on marketing metrics, and creating customer personas are tasks typical for which digital marketing role level?

Which of the following are typically job responsibilities for a digital marketing coordinator? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: _____ is the buying and selling of goods and services online.

What is the practice of reaching consumers online through digital channels with the aim of turning them into customers?

Which of the following roles is when you work for a single company to market and sell their products?

With digital marketing you can reduce expenses by being very specific about serving ads to the right audiences at the right moments. Which advantage of digital marketing does this represent?

Which of the following best describes the skill of storytellingas a digital marketer or e-commerce analyst?

What contains your samples of past work and demonstrates relevant work experience?

Which of the following roles is when you partner with companies to fill their digital marketing and advertising needs?

Fill in the blank: _____ role is when you work for a single company to market and sell their products.

With digital marketing, potential customers can take an action the moment they experience the ad. Which advantage of digital marketing does this represent?

Which of the following best describes the skill of storytellingas a digital marketer or e-commerce analyst?

Which of the following best describes the skill of analytical thinking and comparing qualities as a digital marketer or e-commerce analyst?

Optimizing paid advertising campaigns, managing an online marketing presence, and monitoring website analytics are tasks typical for which e-commerce role level?

A visual representation of the process through which people go from first learning about a brand to becoming loyal customers is called what? Select all that apply.

What are the stages of a simple marketing funnel? Select four.

Which is an awareness tactic to reach potential customers?

In the awareness stage, why is it important to measure impressions, reach, and frequency?

Imagine that a bakery establishes an online presence and posts ads on various social media sites, but their ads are not attracting new customers. How can digital marketing help the bakery thrive online?

Why is the customer journey important for digital marketing?

What is a marketing funnel?

Fill in the blank: The top of the funnel is the _____ stage, which is when a potential customer encounters a brand for the first time.

Which are conversion tactics? Select all that apply.

Why is it important to measure conversion in the marketing funnel?

How can a digital marketing strategy get customers to come back for an additional purchase?

Arjun is shopping online at a few different retailers. He has added items to his cart at each store. But instead of completing any of these purchases, he steps away from his computer, leaving his cart full of products. Why is it important for online companies to measure these instances of cart abandonment?

Fill in the blank: Digital marketing helps online companies stand out from the competition by _____.

Fill in the blank: A successful digital marketing strategy helps to build _____.

Why are customer journey maps important for digital marketers?

Which outcomes does the top of the marketing funnel increase? Select two.

How can a digital marketing strategy build customer trust and loyalty in a company’s brand?

There are two marketing managers. One manager has their team focus on figuring out how to sell more products. The other manager has their team focus on helping customers address pain points and achieve their goals. The first manager’s approach is about the company’s goals. What is the second approach about?

Fill in the blank: Digital marketers use each interaction a customer has had with their brand along their purchase experience to create a _____, which helps companies understand how and why customers are interacting with their business.

Fill in the blank: Companies should provide clear and useful content and experiences, so leads can easily find answers and take action, making _____ more likely.

A customer makes an online purchase. First, they discover the product. Then, they find answers to their questions, decide to make the purchase, and recommend the product to others.

Fill in the blank: It is important to _____ outcomes at each stage of the funnel because it allows a company to find out what they are doing right, what they are doing wrong, and where they could improve.

Why does digital marketing first focus on reaching potential customers?

How does a marketing funnel differ from a customer journey map?

Fill in the blank: During the _____ stage of the marketing funnel, some potential customers will become leads.

Maya is shopping on a company’s website. Maya spends twenty minutes trying to change the item amounts she would like to purchase. Why is it important for the company to measure how long Maya spends on a page?

Which of the following best describes brand equity?

What should a marketer understand before they establish a digital marketing strategy? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are examples of paid media? Select all that apply.

Which of the following describe spam? Select all that apply.

Which of the following statements best describe how a company’s brand and marketing work together? Select all that apply.

How can a marketer use what they learn in the initial planning stage to establish a strong digital marketing strategy? Select all that apply.

A company that makes a software product wants to grow their customer base. Which of the following is a specific business goal for this company?

Which of the following are examples of earned media? Select all that apply.

What are the disadvantages of paid search? Select two.

Imagine that a company posts new content on its social media channels. Next, they want to find out how customers feel about their business. The company can then decide how to respond. Which one of the five pillars of social media marketing does this represent?

A brand decides to use email marketing as part of their digital marketing strategy. What will email marketing help this business do? Select all that apply.

Imagine that a company invests in its marketing strategy but does not have a strong brand identity. What is the likely result?

What is a business goal?

A company that makes a software product wants to grow their customer base. Which of the following is a specific marketing goal for this company?

How does paid search compare to search engine optimization (SEO)?

As part of a marketing project, a company reviews its social media performance including likes, shares, and follows. The marketing team communicates these results to leadership. Which one of the five pillars of social media marketing does this represent?

Which of the following are examples of owned media? Select all that apply.

Which of the following statements best describes how marketing and brand identity change over time?

An independent food truck vendor wants to grow their customer base. Which of the following is a specific business goal for this company?

A brand wants to build and maintain relationships with potential and existing customers. To do that, they send emails with relevant, helpful content to a list of existing subscribers. What is this strategy called?

Imagine that a business tailors its email marketing content to deliver an individualized experience for subscribers. What is this process called?

“We want to grow our customer base by 10% in the next 12 months. To do that, we will introduce a new clothing line based on market research about the preferences of our new target customer.”

Imagine that a business divides their email subscriber list into smaller groups based on specific criteria. What is this process called?

What should a marketer do before they establish a digital marketing strategy? Select all that apply.

What is a marketing goal?

Which of the following best describes email marketing?

What is the difference between email segmentation and personalization?

To support an email marketing strategy, a business decides to personalize the email content they share with their list of subscribers. Which of the following strategies should they use? Select all that apply.

Imagine two identical products: one is a name brand and the other is a store brand. Which term describes how much more customers are willing to pay for the name brand than the store brand?

As part of a marketing project, a company clarifies who their audience is and which social platforms to use. Which one of the five pillars of social media marketing does this represent?

Fill in the blank: Organic exposure from search engine optimization (SEO) _____.

What email marketing techniques is this business using?

Imagine that a company wants to successfully launch a new product. Which of the following would provide useful information about customer behaviors that could help the company plan and refine an effective sales strategy?

As an entry-level digital marketer, which of the following data analytics tasks might you be responsible for? Select all that apply.

What refers to how much revenue is gained versus how much was spent?

Which of the following are examples of attribution models? Select all that apply.

How does a digital marketer use data storytelling?

Which of the following are the main components of a data story? Select three.

What are the three main components of narrative context? Select all that apply.

When implemented, which of the following strategies would provide information about customer behaviors that could lead to an effective launch of a new product?

In what ways do digital marketers gain insights from data? Select three.

What can performance marketing help a business do? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are characteristics of attribution? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: _____ measures customer engagement with marketing content across channels to understand what is motivating customers to take action.

Which of the following statements are true about data storytelling? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are examples of data visualizations? Select all that apply.

In data storytelling, how do visualizations help an audience understand what is happening in the narrative?

What aspect of marketing provides information and useful insight about customer behaviors and interactions that can help answer questions in a concrete way?

How does attribution help businesses learn which touchpoints are most effective at getting customers to take action?

Fill in the blank: The process of using concrete information about customer behaviors to plan and refine marketing and sales strategies is called _____.

What refers to the average revenue generated by customers over a certain period of time?

Which of the following attribution models assigns equal credit to each touchpoint along the customer journey?

Fill in the blank: A digital marketer uses _____ to explain, engage, and inform an audience to take action.

What are the three characteristics of a well-structured narrative? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are examples of data? Select all that apply.

Imagine a digital marketer is preparing a data story to share with stakeholders. The story has three components: what its insights mean, why they matter to the audience, and what the audience can do about them.

An entry-level digital marketer is working with data. They collect the data they need from an analytics tool and put it into a spreadsheet to make it easy to access and work with. Which way of working with data does this describe?

What is the relationship between visualizations and the narrative in data storytelling?

When crafting a narrative, digital marketers include compelling information about the data. They address what data insights mean, why they matter, and what can be done about them for stakeholders. What is the likely impact on stakeholders? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Information about a company’s total number of social media followers is an example of _____.

Fill in the blank: The process of determining which content and channels are responsible for generating leads, conversions, or sign-ups is called _____.

Which strategies can collect research for customer personas? Select all that apply.

As a digital marketer, you advertise with online influencers who have audiences that are not familiar with your brand. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

As a digital marketer, you pursue abandoned carts by sending follow up emails. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Fill in the blank: _____ are information specific to the customer such as age, gender identity, family size, occupation, and location.

What is the correct order of the marketing funnel?

Which of the following is true regarding customer personas? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are benefits of the marketing funnel? Select all that apply.

Which statements best describe strategies and tactics? Select two.

As a digital marketer, you place ads on social media platforms to reach potential customers who are not familiar with your brand. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

As a digital marketer, you create an automated email sequence educating potential customers about your products. The email sequence will go out to people who sign up through the website. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Which of the following statements is true regarding a marketing funnel?

Fill in the blank: Strategies support the plan to achieve the marketing goal and tend to be general ideas. _____ are actions taken to make the plan happen.

As a digital marketer, you remarket ads to potential customers who recently visited the company website. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Which component of a customer persona represents what the customer wants to achieve?

Fill in the blank: _____ support the plan to achieve the marketing goal and tend to be general ideas. Tactics are actions taken to make the plan happen.

Which component of a customer persona represents what is preventing the customer from achieving their goal?

A 38-year-old woman who exercises regularly and would like to shop at a health-conscious grocery store.

Which of the following best describes the conversion stage of the marketing funnel?

As a digital marketer, you focus on search engine optimization and creating content to reach potential customers not familiar with your brand. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Which of the following best describes the consideration stage of the marketing funnel?

Which of the following best describes the loyalty stage of the marketing funnel?

As a digital marketer, you implement a rewards program to incentivize customers to become repeat customers. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Which component of a customer persona includes characteristics and demographics?

As a digital marketer, you provide customers with a free branded t-shirt and magnet for a first-time purchase. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

As a digital marketer, you update the product page checkout button color after a successful A/B test. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

A 38-year-old woman who exercises regularly and is concerned that she does not have enough time to cook meals after work.

As a digital marketer, you promote recent customer testimonials on social media, the company website, and email list. You use the testimonials to build interest in potential customers. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Someone that would like to shop at a health-conscious grocery store, but is concerned about having time to cook meals after work.

As a digital marketer, you work on elements of the product page and checkout process that speed up the pages’ load time. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

As a digital marketer, you encourage customers to leave a review and share their experience with the business. This strategy falls under which marketing funnel stage?

Which search engine results pages (SERPs) feature displays a special box with information intended to help the searcher more easily discover what they are seeking?

Which of the following statements regarding keywords is true?

Which of the following is true regarding a website’s structure and navigation?

What automated software helps locate information to answer a user’s query?

Which of the following are URL best practices? Select all that apply.

Which pre-SEO work includes studying content already in the SERPs so that you can create a webpage better than what is available?

As a digital marketer optimizing a website, you add a row of internal links at the top or bottom of the page. These links allow visitors to quickly navigate back to a previous section or the homepage. What is the name for these links?

What code is used to better describe a webpage’s content to search engines?

The Google search engine finds the location of a new page or new page content and stores it in an online record. This represents which main process of a search engine?

What best describes a search algorithm?

To rank search listings, the Google algorithm tries to understand the overall value of a webpage. It does this by using feedback from a process that may contain signals, such as links from prominent websites. This represents which results key factor?

Which search engine results pages (SERPs) feature provides specific information about a website such as review ratings, price, or availability?

As a marketer specializing in search engine optimization, you ensure that a website is well-organized and that it is easily crawled by search engines. This represents which SEO task?

Which of the following is true regarding URL text? Select two.

What page informs the user that the webpage they were trying to visit does not exist?

To rank search listings, the Google algorithm tries to understand the words typed in a search bar. It also tries to understand the general intent behind the search. This represents which results key factor?

Which search engine results pages (SERPs) feature displays a map and has listings of nearby businesses?

As a marketer specializing in search engine optimization, you resolve hosting issues, manage webpage redirects, and edit JavaScript. This represents which SEO task?

Fill in the blank: Automated software that helps locate information to answer a user’s query is called a _____.

To rank search listings, the Google algorithm reviews the user experience of a webpage, such as the load speed and if it is mobile friendly. This represents which results key factor?

The Google search engine delivers relevant content for a user’s query. This represents which main process of a search engine?

The Google search engine explores the Internet to find new or updated webpages. This represents which main process of a search engine?

Which pre-SEO work includes understanding the intent of people who read and experience the website’s content?

Which pre-SEO work requires crafting webpages for searchers’ needs and not to replicate what is currently in the SERPs?

What are some benefits of good anchor text? Select all that apply.

Which of the following is true regarding images on a website?

What website element provides the search engine a summary of what the website is about?

Which of the following are recommended ways to promote your website and attract backlinks? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are meta description recommendations? Select all that apply.

Which of the following best describes rich results?

Which of the following best describes the recommended Google Search Console usage for a typical digital marketer? Select all that apply.

Which of the following are recommendations for anchor text? Select all that apply.

Which of the following is a webpage title element recommendation?

What file provides information about the pages, videos, and other files on a website, and the relationships between them?

What is the first step you need to take when setting up Google Search Console?

As a digital marketer managing a website, you would like detailed crawl, index, and serving information about your pages. This information comes directly from the Google index. Which Search Console tool would you use to gather this information?

As a digital marketer creating a webpage, you create content that visitors find engaging. The visitors then share and direct other visitors to the website. This represents which site optimization recommendation?

Which of the following best describes structured data?

What Search Console report indicates if your website has been hacked, or behavior on the site could potentially harm a visitor or their computer?

As a digital marketer, you are reviewing image content on your company’s website. You notice that several of the images are an original version with a large file size. Which of the following image best practices is this likely not following?

Fill in the blank: The _____ provides information about the pages, videos, and other files on a website, and the relationship between them.

What Search Console report shows the index status for all the pages in a website?

Which of the following is true regarding sitemaps?

As a digital marketer creating a webpage, you start with keyword research to better understand the visitor. Then you create fresh and unique content tailored to your visitors. This represents which website optimization recommendation?

Which initial Search Console step includes a report that breaks down the traffic by queries, pages, and countries?

As a digital marketer creating a webpage, you collaborate with someone who is knowledgeable in the topic you are writing about. You list them publicly as a co-contributor. This represents which website optimization recommendation?

Fill in the blank: The _____ provides the search engine a summary of what a webpage is about.

As a digital marketer managing a website, you would like to prevent a webpage on your site from appearing in Google Search. What Search Console tool could provide a temporary fix?

As a digital marketer managing a website, you are changing the domain name from example.com to example.org. Which Search Console tool would you use to inform Google of this change?

What is one difference between rich results and structured data?

Fill in the blank: _____ is a type of advertising model that allows businesses to pay only when someone takes an action on their ad.

Which of the following best describes the structured snippet extension?

You are setting up keyword matching for “tennis shoes.” Your ad also shows for keywords such as “shoes for tennis,” “buy tennis shoes on sale,” and “red tennis shoes.” This represents which keyword match type?

Which of the following is true of responsive display ads?

Which of the following are responsive display ad image tips? Select all that apply.

What is a type of advertising model that allows businesses to pay only when someone takes an action on their ad?

You are setting up keyword matching for “shoes for women.” Your ad also shows for keywords such as “women shoes,” “women shoe,” and “shoes women.” This represents which keyword match type?

Which statement regarding Ad Rank factors is true?

Which of the following statements regarding search engine marketing is true?

You are setting up keyword matching for “low-carb diet plan.” Your ad also displays for keywords such as “carb-free foods,” “low-carb diets,” and “low calorie recipes.” This represents which keyword match type?

Which of the following is a Google Ad best practice?

Where do search engine marketing (SEM) ads typically appear?

As a digital marketer creating a Google Ad, you indicate the amount you want to spend over the course of a month by setting a daily sum. This describes which Google Ad setup step?

As a digital marketer setting up an SEM ad, you include information about the business such as additional website links, a phone number, and an address. What is the term for this additional information?

To drive the best results, how many elements does Google recommend uploading for responsive display ads?

As a digital marketer setting up a search engine marketing ad, you would like to include an ad extension that provides additional information specifically for a product. Which extension should you choose?

Which of the following are responsive display ad best practices? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Ad _____ are text, video, images, and digital content used to promote products and services with Google ads.

As a digital marketer creating a Google Ad, you have to determine what to achieve with the ad, such as more sales, leads, website traffic, or store visits. This describes which Google Ad setup step?

Fill in the blank: Ad _____ are a collection of similar ads, keywords, and bids that digital marketers use to organize Google Ads by a common theme.

As a digital marketer managing Google Ads, you track and determine if potential customers are becoming paying customers. This describes which Google Ad setup step?

Which of the following statements regarding the Ad Rank factors are true?

What are the reasons why social media marketing has become a crucial element of many companies’ business development strategies? Select three.

Which of the following are outcomes of the core pillar of listening and engagement? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: _____ social media can be used to target specific groups of people who might be interested in a company’s products and services, as well as promote a company’s content in order to drive more earned media.

What enables companies to connect with their customers in order to help customers better understand their brand?

Fill in the blank: The social media marketing funnel begins in the _____ with potential customers learning about a company’s brand.

Fill in the blank: ____ is the process of creating content for different social media platforms in order to drive engagement and promote a business or product.

Which of the following are benefits of social media marketing? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Because people use social media platforms to interact with friends, family, and companies, you can connect with users whenever they log in. This makes social media a natural place to _____.

Fill in the blank: The first core pillar of social media marketing is ___.

Fill in the blank: ______ can help a company understand what people think about their brand, which can inform their marketing and product-development decisions.

Which are the three types of digital media? Select three.

Which is the most common form of owned social media?

What is social media marketing?

Fill in the blank: Because people use social media platforms to interact with friends, family, and companies, you can connect with users whenever they log in. This makes social media a natural place to _____.

What will define the primary goals of your social media marketing campaign?

What is a benefit of owned media?

How does social media marketing help companies build stronger relationships with their existing customers?

Which of the following are core pillars of social media marketing? Select all that apply.

When planning and publishing social media content, it is important to do which of the following? Select all that apply.

What can help a company to find out how many positive mentions they got in a particular month or how many people they are reaching on different platforms from one month to the next?

Which of the following are examples of earned social media? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: _____ media is all the digital content a brand fully controls.

Why is it beneficial for a company to learn about their target audience’s likes, dislikes, and interests through social media?

A company is trying to determine when their audience is most likely to engage with their content, as well as how often the company should post.

A company is setting up different reports to monitor a variety of metrics, such as followers, comments, or clicks. They plan to use these metrics to improve the performance of their social media marketing campaigns over time.

Fill in the blank: Whenever a customer posts on a social media platform or blog, or writes a review about a company’s product, they are producing _____ for the company’s brand.

What is paid media?

Fill in the blank: During the ____, a company can use paid remarketing campaigns to reach people who have already shown interest in the company’s brand.

Fill in the blank: A benefit of social media marketing is that it is _____ as most social networking platforms allow you to sign up and create a profile for free.

A digital marketer is running a social media campaign for a company that sells dog treats. Customers are posting pictures of their dogs devouring these treats on social media.

Potential customers are searching for more information to help them decide whether or not to make a purchase. They may be looking for reviews or comparing the company’s offerings to other competitors.

Fill in the blank: Before creating predictive models to identify trends and inform best practices, a company must _____ using metrics.

What are some key advantages of the Python programming language? Select all that apply.

A data professional prepares to give a presentation to their colleagues. They want to communicate the story told by the data using charts and graphs made with Tableau. This helps them simplify highly technical information for non-technical stakeholders. Which of the following communication practices does this scenario describe? Select all that apply.

To gain insights about projects and processes, organizations acquire, organize, and interpret data. What type of business professionals help complete these tasks?

What process enables users to express how to perform a task by using data instead of explicit instructions?

A company evaluates its data using metrics in order to achieve what goals? Select all that apply.

A data professional wants to strengthen their communication skills. They study methods for simplifying highly technical information and telling compelling data stories. They also practice using Tableau to design compelling charts and graphs. Which of the following communication practices does this scenario describe? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Edge computing is a way of distributing computational tasks over a bunch of nearby processors that is good for ____ and resilience and does not depend on a single source of computational power.

What is the term for someone who explores, cleans, analyzes, and visualizes data?

What is the Jupyter Notebook?

Fill in the blank: Edge computing is a way of distributing ____ over a bunch of nearby processors that is good for speed and resilience and does not depend on a single source of computational power.

A data professional uses Tableau to create data visualizations that will help people understand their analysis results. They communicate the data insights using the visualizations, which helps non-technical stakeholders gain important insights. Which of the following communication practices does this scenario describe? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Machine learning differs from automation in that it enables users to express how to perform a task by using _____ instead of explicit instructions.

What web-based computing platform can be used by data professionals when interacting with Python?

Fill in the blank: ______ is a way of distributing computational tasks over a bunch of nearby processors that is good for speed and resilience and does not depend on a single source of computational power.

Fill in the blank: Jupyter Notebook is a web-based computing platform that enables data professionals to _____ in real-time.

Fill in the blank: To gain insights, businesses rely on _____ to acquire, organize, and interpret the data that informs internal projects and processes.

Which of the following are examples of strategic data professional roles? Select all that apply.

What are some examples of personally identifiable information? Select all that apply.

What are the key benefits of aggregate information? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: A good _____ is a segment of a population that is representative of the entire population.

What term describes the development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that normally require human reasoning or judgment?

What are some ways in which a data professional can promote their company’s data stewardship? Select all that apply.

A data professional is at an event collaborating with programmers and other data professionals to create a solution to an existing problem using technology. What type of an event are they attending?

Fill in the blank: A business _____ data by collecting information from a significant number of users. This increases the likelihood that the data will be representative of the population as a whole.

A good sample is a segment of a population that is representative of what?

Fill in the blank: Data stewardship is the responsibility of _____.

What are some typical responsibilities of technical data professionals? Select all that apply.

What do data professionals do during a hackathon?

A data team collects information from enough people to ensure the information represents the population as a whole. What does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: Artificial intelligence is the development of _____ that are able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

Fill in the blank: Data professionals come together during _____ to create a solution to an existing problem using technology.

Fill in the blank: A national identification number is an example of _____, which may permit someone’s identity to be inferred, either by direct or indirect means.

Fill in the blank: A good sample is a segment of a population that is _____ the entire population.

At a business, who is responsible for ensuring socially beneficial and inclusive practices, applying scientific and ethical principles, and staying aware of possible bias?

What is the term for data that can be used to determine an individual’s identity, either by direct or indirect means?

Fill in the blank: Artificial intelligence is the development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that normally require _____ intelligence.

A team of data professionals discusses the potential of their personal backgrounds and beliefs affecting their data findings. They establish processes to ensure that they interpret and communicate sensitive information impartially. What does this scenario describe?

Which of the following are examples of technical data professional roles? Select all that apply.

A data professional considers ways that their personal beliefs may inadvertently affect their work. They establish processes to ensure they collect and communicate sensitive information impartially. What does this scenario describe?

A data manager brainstorms ways to ensure that the experiences and worldviews of their team members do not affect data team projects. They establish processes for impartially analyzing and communicating sensitive information. What does this scenario describe?

What is the primary goal of active listening?

Which of the following are the responsibilities of insights or analytics team managers? Select all that apply.

Which of the following statements accurately describe a RACI matrix? Select all that apply.

How would a data professional practice active listening?

What tasks are involved in data cleaning? Select all that apply.

Which data professionals are responsible for supervising an organization’s analytical strategy?

What type of data professional is responsible for organizing information and making it accessible?

A data professional sets criteria to ensure consistent data practices and procedures across the organization. They want to promote best practices, effective communication, and transferability of information among teams. Which principle for data team building does this scenario describe?

What does a data professional do when cleaning data? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Insights or _____ team managers supervise an organization’s analytical strategy.

Fill in the blank: Data engineers are responsible for managing _____ for data across the enterprise.

Fill in the blank: Business intelligence engineers are responsible for _____ data and making it accessible.

A data professional establishes a procedure for documenting project notes, records, and metadata. Their objective is to add transparency and security to data teams and projects by examining and communicating about processes. Which of the principles for data team building does this scenario describe?

What is the main objective of data cleaning?

Which of the following are data engineer responsibilities? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: Data engineers are responsible for making data _____.

A hiring supervisor considers whether a data team job candidate is committed to learning new skills. They want to hire someone who will continue to learn and grow as new technologies and regulations emerge. Which principle for data team building does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: Business intelligence engineers are responsible for organizing data and making it _____.

Fill in the blank: A data professional practices active listening when they allow others to _____ before offering a response.

In the plan stage of the PACE model, what questions might a data professional ask themself? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: In the construct stage of the PACE model, data professionals build, interpret, and revise models and _____ in order to uncover relationships within the data and unlock related insights.

All communicative exchanges contain key elements. Which element involves considering why the communication is taking place?

Which of the following are best practices when communicating? Select all that apply.

What are some strategies to use when practicing active listening? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: In the construct stage of the PACE model, data professionals build, interpret, and revise models and machine learning algorithms in order to uncover _____ within the data and unlock related insights.

Which of the following are best practices when communicating about data in a professional setting? Select all that apply.

Which section of a project proposal includes groupings of tasks within the project, which break up the work into more manageable goals?

Fill in the blank: In the construct stage of the PACE model, data professionals build, interpret, and revise _____ and machine learning algorithms in order to uncover relationships within the data and unlock related insights.

All communicative exchanges contain key elements. Which element involves considering the audience of a particular communication?

At which stages in the PACE framework is effective communication used to improve the workflow?

Fill in the blank: Effective _____ is used to improve the workflow in all PACE framework stages.

Which section of a project proposal is a brief explanation of what the project is trying to achieve?

A data professional is considering three questions: What are the goals of the project? What strategies will be needed? How will the business or operation be affected by the plan?

A data professional uses their communication skills to present findings and share the story they have unlocked from the data with others. What stage of the PACE model does this scenario describe?

Which section of a project proposal lists items to be shared among team members and with stakeholders?

All communicative exchanges contain key elements. Which element involves considering how one’s personal biases might affect their communication?

A data professional uses their communication skills to give recommendations based on data findings to internal and external stakeholders. What stage of the PACE model does this scenario describe?

What stage of the PACE model begins with identifying the informational needs of the organization?

In which stage of the PACE framework would a data professional prioritize effective communication with team members and stakeholders?

Why do many data professionals prefer to use Python? Select all that apply.

In Python, variable names must start with which of the following? Select all that apply.

Which of the following is an effective variable name?

In Python, which data type represents numbers that contain decimals?

Fill in the blank: Many data professionals prefer to use Python because it has thousands of open source _____ available for use.

What are the benefits of using a Jupyter Notebook for data work? Select all that apply.

Fill in the blank: In Python, a _____ is a function that belongs to a class and typically performs an action or operation.

Which of the following is an effective variable name?

In Python, which data type represents a sequence of characters and punctuation that contains textual information?

What is an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents containing live code, mathematical formulas, visualizations, and text?

In Python, what does assignment refer to?

In Python, variable names can include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Which of the following is an effective variable name?

A data professional converts integers into strings using a predefined function. This is an example of what type of conversion?

Fill in the blank: _____ are the modular code input/output fields into which Jupyter Notebooks are partitioned.

FIll in the blank: In Python, a _____ is an object’s data type that bundles data and functionality together.

Fill in the blank: _____ is the process of storing a value in a variable.

When naming variables in Python, you should NOT use which of the following? Select all that apply.

In Python, what describes the process of storing a value in a variable?

In Python, which data type represents whole numbers without fractions?

A data professional performs a calculation involving integers and floats. Python automatically converts the integers to floats. This is an example of what type of conversion? 

In Python, what is a reusable collection of code?

Fill in the blank: In Python, an _____ is a value associated with an object or class which is referenced by name using dot notation.

A data professional converts floats into strings using a predefined function. This is an example of what type of conversion?

A data professional wants to define a function to calculate the area of a rectangle. What code should they begin with?

A data professional wants to make a Python function produce new results and save the results for later use. What keyword should they use in their code?

What are the benefits of using clean code for data work? Select all that apply.

In Python, what is the process of restructuring code while maintaining its original functionality?

A data professional wants to summarize a function’s behavior and explain its arguments and return values. What should they add to the beginning of the function’s body? 

What is the Python comparator for less than or equal to?

A data professional writes the following code: print(23 > 32 and 7 != 5). What result will Python display when they run the code?

In Python, when does an if statement execute a piece of code?

In Python, when does an else statement execute a piece of code?

A data professional wants to define a function to calculate the square of a number. What code should they begin with?

Fill in the blank: Refactoring is used to create _____, which is code that is written in a way that is readable and makes its purpose clear.

Fill in the blank: In Python, the _____ statement branches the execution based on a specific condition being true. 

A data professional wants to define a function to calculate the volume of a box. What code should they begin with?

Which Python keyword makes a function produce new results and save the results for later use?

Fill in the blank: A data professional can add a _____ to the beginning of a function’s body to summarize the function’s behavior and explain its arguments and return values.

What is the Python comparator for not equal to?

A data professional writes the following code: print(not 4 == ‘Data’). What result will Python display when they run the code?

Fill in the blank: In Python, the if statement branches the execution based on a specific condition being _____ . 

Fill in the blank: In Python, the _____ statement sets a piece of code to run only when the condition of the if statement is false.

What are best practices for writing clean code? Select all that apply.

A data professional writes the following code: print(33 > 12 or 9 < 7). What result will Python display when they run the code?

What is the term for code that is written to be readable and to make its purpose clear?

A data professional adds a docstring to the beginning of a function’s body. What is the purpose of the docstring?

Fill in the blank: To reduce errors and enhance teamwork, data professionals employ clean code best practices such as _____ and modularity.

Fill in the blank: In Python, else is a reserved keyword that executes when preceding conditions evaluate as _____ .

Fill in the blank: A data professional can use the _____ keyword to make a Python function produce new results and save the results for later use.

Fill in the blank: A data professional can use a _____ to repeat a specific block of code until a condition is met.

Fill in the blank: The Python range() function returns a sequence of numbers starting from _____; then increments by one, by default; then stops before the given number.

What Python code instructs the computer to loop through values from 20 to 90?

A data professional wants to set up a for loop. They write the following code: for x in range(100, 501, 20): . What is the step value of the range() function?

What Python code can a data professional use to concatenate the strings ‘jelly’ and ‘fish’?

Fill in the blank: In Python, the index() method interprets a string as a _____.

A data professional assigns the string ‘palm and pine’ to the variable trees. What Python code can they use to find the index of the character ‘m’?

A data professional assigns the string ‘football’ to the variable sport. What Python code will return the slice ‘ball’?

Fill in the blank: A data professional can use the format() method to insert specific _ in a larger string.

A data professional can use a while loop to perform which of the following tasks?

What Python code instructs the computer to loop through values from 100 to 500?

A data professional wants to set up a for loop. They write the following code: for x in range(5, 101, 10): . What is the step value of the range() function?

What Python code can a data professional use to concatenate the strings ‘brain’ and ‘storm’?

A data professional assigns the string ‘classical’ to the variable genre. What Python code will return the slice ‘class’?

Fill in the blank: A data professional can use the format() method to _____ specific substrings in a larger string.

What type of loop can a data professional use to repeat a specific block of code until a condition is met?

Fill in the blank: The Python _____ function returns a sequence of numbers starting from zero; then increments by one, by default; then stops before the given number.

What Python code instructs the computer to loop through values from 750 to 850?

A data professional wants to set up a for loop. They write the following code: for x in range(0, 26, 5): . What is the step value of the range() function?

What Python code can a data professional use to concatenate the strings ‘air’ and ‘plane’?

In Python, what method works by interpreting a string as a sequence of characters, where each character has a numbered slot?

A data professional assigns the string ‘classical’ to the variable genre. What Python code will return the slice ‘class’?

Fill in the blank: In Python, a data professional can use the _____ method to insert specific substrings in a larger string.

A data professional wants to identify the location of a character in a string. What Python method can they use to do so?

Fill in the blank: The Python range() function returns a sequence of numbers starting from zero; then increments by _____, by default; then stops before the given number.

Fill in the blank: A data professional can use the format() method to insert specific _____ in a larger string.

A data professional assigns the string ‘pie and cake’ to the variable desserts. What Python code can they use to find the index of the character ‘p’?

A data professional assigns the string ‘penguin’ to the variable animal. What Python code will return the slice ‘pen’?

Fill in the blank: Cybersecurity aims to protect networks, devices, people, and data from _____ or criminal exploitation.

What occurs during a security audit?

Which of the following entities may be an internal threat to an organization? Select three answers.

What is identity theft?

What are some key benefits associated with an organization meeting regulatory compliance? Select two answers.

An individual is in their first job as an entry-level security professional. They take training to learn more about the specific tools, procedures, and policies that are involved in their career. What does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: Security _____ and event management (SIEM) tools enable security professionals to identify and analyze threats, risks, and vulnerabilities.

A security professional investigates an alert about an unknown user accessing a system within their organization. What is the purpose of computer forensics in this situation?

Which of the following statements accurately describe personally identifiable information (PII) and sensitive personally identifiable information (SPII)? Select all that apply.

Which of the following tasks are typically responsibilities of entry-level security analysts? Select all that apply.

Someone outside of an organization attempts to gain access to its private information. What type of threat does this scenario describe?

An individual has their personal information stolen. They discover that someone is using that information to impersonate them and commit fraud. What does this scenario describe?

What is regulatory compliance?

Which of the following proficiencies are examples of technical skills? Select two answers.

Fill in the blank: Security information and _____ management (SIEM) tools enable security professionals to identify and analyze threats, risks, and vulnerabilities.

A security professional receives an alert about an unknown user accessing a system within their organization. They attempt to identify, analyze, and preserve the associated criminal evidence. What security task does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: An organization that is in regulatory compliance is likely to _____ fines.

Fill in the blank: Security information and event _____ (SIEM) tools enable security professionals to identify and analyze threats, risks, and vulnerabilities.

Fill in the blank: Cybersecurity aims to protect networks, devices, people, and data from _____ or unauthorized access.

Fill in the blank: Identity theft is the act of stealing _____ to commit fraud while impersonating a victim.

An individual is in their first job as an entry-level security professional. They apply the problem-solving proficiencies that they learned in past roles to their current security career. What does this scenario describe?

What do security professionals typically do with SIEM tools?

Fill in the blank: The purpose of _____ is to protect networks, devices, people, and data from unauthorized access or criminal exploitation.

A security professional collaborates with information technology teams to deploy an application that helps identify risks and vulnerabilities. What does this scenario describe?

An employee receives an email that they believe to be legitimate. They click on a compromised link within the email. What type of internal threat does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: A _____ is malicious code written to interfere with computer operations and cause damage to data.

What historical event occurred as a result of trying to track illegal copies of medical software and prevent pirated licenses?

Fill in the blank: Social engineering is a manipulation technique that exploits _____ error to gain access to private information.

Which of the following threats are most likely to occur in the event of a phishing attack? Select all that apply.

Which domain involves defining security goals and objectives, risk mitigation, compliance, business continuity, and the law?

Which domain involves optimizing data security by ensuring that effective tools, systems, and processes are in place?

Which of the following tasks may be part of the asset security domain? Select all that apply.

Which of the following tasks may be part of the security assessment and testing domain? Select all that apply.

A security professional is setting up access keycards for new employees. Which domain does this scenario describe?

A security professional receives an alert that an unknown device has connected to their organization’s internal network. They follow policies and procedures to quickly stop the potential threat. Which domain does this scenario describe?

What historical event resulted in one of the largest known thefts of sensitive data, including social security numbers and credit card numbers?

Fill in the blank: Exploiting human error to gain access to private information is an example of _____ engineering.

A security professional conducts internal training to teach their coworkers how to identify a social engineering attack. What types of security issues are they trying to avoid? Select all that apply.

Which domain involves securing digital and physical assets, as well as managing the storage, maintenance, retention, and destruction of data?

Which domain involves keeping data secure by ensuring users follow established policies to control and manage physical assets?

Which domain involves conducting investigations and implementing preventive measures?

Which of the following threats are examples of malware? Select two answers.

Which of the following tasks are part of the security and risk management domain? Select all that apply.

A security professional is ensuring proper storage, maintenance, and retention of their organization’s data. Which domain does this scenario describe?

A security professional is auditing user permissions at their organization in order to ensure employees have the correct access levels. Which domain does this scenario describe?

Fill in the blank: Social engineering is a _____ that exploits human error to gain private information, access, or valuables.

A security professional is asked to teach employees how to avoid inadvertently revealing sensitive data. What type of training should they conduct?

What historical event used a malware attachment to steal user information and passwords?

A security professional is researching compliance and the law in order to define security goals. Which domain does this scenario describe?

Which domain involves conducting, collecting, and analyzing data, as well as conducting security audits to monitor for risks, threats, and vulnerabilities?

Which of the following tasks may be part of the security operations domain? Select all that apply.

What is the term for software that is designed to harm devices or networks?

A security professional is optimizing data security by ensuring that effective tools, systems, and processes are in place. Which domain does this scenario describe?

Which of the following tasks may be part of the identity and access management domain? Select all that apply.

*Hygiene Proficiency Test

What is Generative AI?:

What is an example of both a generative AI model and a discriminative AI model?

What are foundation models in Generative AI?

Hallucinations are words or phrases that are generated by the model that are often nonsensical or grammatically incorrect. What are some factors that can cause hallucinations? Select three options.

What is a prompt?

What are some of the primary responsibilities of a business intelligence analyst? Select all that apply.

What are stakeholders most likely to do during the business intelligence monitor stage?

Business intelligence projects often require the help of information technology (IT) professionals. What are some of the typical responsibilities of these team members? Select all that apply.

Which business intelligence tool is used to keep data consistent across systems and explain to users how it’s organized?

Fill in the blank: ETL is a type of _____ that enables data to be gathered from source systems, converted into a useful format, and brought into a data warehouse or other unified destination system.

In order to transform data into actionable insights, what do business intelligence professionals work to automate? Select all that apply.

What is an application programming interface?

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